Este proyecto surgió de la curiosidad de como se podía hacer un  mini  radar utilizando el ultrasonido y determinar hasta que distancia reconoce objetos.

El objetivo es meramente educativo ya que no tiene una aplicación en la vida cotidiana, simplemente para aprender jugando.

Materiales utilizados:

• • Arduino Uno R3
  • ServoMotor Tower Pro Mg90s
  • sensor ultrasonido hc sr04
  •  10 Jumpers macho-macho
  • Protoboard

Sofware: 

–Ide Arduino

-Ide Processing

Conexión  ServoMotor con Arduino:

Conexión  Ultrasonido con  Arduino

Códigos:

Se va dividir en dos partes:

    a-El sketck de arduino  que controla la parte operativa del radar, servomotor “gira el ultrasonido en un angulo que va desde 0 grados hasta 165 grados” y el  ultrasonido “si detecta o no un objeto”.

Ver explicación  en Video minuto 2:30

// Incluir la librería del ServoMotor
#include <Servo.h>. 

// Defines Tirg and Echo pins of the Ultrasonic Sensor

const int trigPin = 10;

const int echoPin = 11;

// Variables for the duration and the distance

long duration;

int distance;

Servo myServo; // Creates a servo object for controlling the servo motor

void setup() {

  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output

  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input

  Serial.begin(9600);

  myServo.attach(12); // Defines on which pin is the servo motor attached

}

void loop() {

  // rotates the servo motor from 15 to 165 degrees

  for(int i=15;i<=165;i++){  

  myServo.write(i);

  delay(30);

  distance = calculateDistance();// Calls a function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor for each degree

  

  Serial.print(i); // Sends the current degree into the Serial Port

  Serial.print(","); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing

  Serial.print(distance); // Sends the distance value into the Serial Port

  Serial.print("."); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing

  }

  // Repeats the previous lines from 165 to 15 degrees

  for(int i=165;i>15;i--){  

  myServo.write(i);

  delay(30);

  distance = calculateDistance();

  Serial.print(i);

  Serial.print(",");

  Serial.print(distance);

  Serial.print(".");

  }

}

// Function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor

int calculateDistance(){ 

  

  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); 

  delayMicroseconds(2);

  // Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds

  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); 

  delayMicroseconds(10);

  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds

  distance= duration*0.034/2;

  return distance;

}

  b- para manejar la parte gráfica usamos processing , tener en cuenta que se debe modificar el puerto serial COMx en el código en nuestro caso esta en la linea 36 según el puerto que ocupe en el Arduino IDE :

Ver explicación en Video  en min 4:00

import processing.serial.*; // imports library for serial communication

import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; // imports library for reading the data from the serial port

import java.io.IOException;

Serial myPort; // defines Object Serial

// defubes variables

String angle="";

String distance="";

String data="";

String noObject;

float pixsDistance;

int iAngle, iDistance;

int index1=0;

int index2=0;

PFont orcFont;

void setup() {

  

 size (1200, 700); // ***CHANGE THIS TO YOUR SCREEN RESOLUTION***

 smooth();
 myPort = new Serial(this,"COM6", 9600); // starts the serial communication

 myPort.bufferUntil('.'); // reads the data from the serial port up to the character '.'. So actually it reads this: angle,distance.

}

void draw() {

  

  fill(98,245,31);

  // simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving line

  noStroke();

  fill(0,4); 

  rect(0, 0, width, height-height*0.065); 

  

  fill(98,245,31); // green color

  // calls the functions for drawing the radar

  drawRadar(); 

  drawLine();

  drawObject();

  drawText();

}

void serialEvent (Serial myPort) { // starts reading data from the Serial Port

  // reads the data from the Serial Port up to the character '.' and puts it into the String variable "data".

  data = myPort.readStringUntil('.');

  data = data.substring(0,data.length()-1);

  

  index1 = data.indexOf(","); // find the character ',' and puts it into the variable "index1"

  angle= data.substring(0, index1); // read the data from position "0" to position of the variable index1 or thats the value of the angle the Arduino Board sent into the Serial Port

  distance= data.substring(index1+1, data.length()); // read the data from position "index1" to the end of the data pr thats the value of the distance

  

  // converts the String variables into Integer

  iAngle = int(angle);

  iDistance = int(distance);

}

void drawRadar() {

  pushMatrix();

  translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location

  noFill();

  strokeWeight(2);

  stroke(98,245,31);

  // draws the arc lines

  arc(0,0,(width-width*0.0625),(width-width*0.0625),PI,TWO_PI);

  arc(0,0,(width-width*0.27),(width-width*0.27),PI,TWO_PI);

  arc(0,0,(width-width*0.479),(width-width*0.479),PI,TWO_PI);

  arc(0,0,(width-width*0.687),(width-width*0.687),PI,TWO_PI);

  // draws the angle lines

  line(-width/2,0,width/2,0);

  line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(30)));

  line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(60)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(60)));

  line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(90)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(90)));

  line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(120)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(120)));

  line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(150)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(150)));

  line((-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),0,width/2,0);

  popMatrix();

}

void drawObject() {

  pushMatrix();

  translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location

  strokeWeight(9);

  stroke(255,10,10); // red color

  pixsDistance = iDistance*((height-height*0.1666)*0.025); // covers the distance from the sensor from cm to pixels

  // limiting the range to 40 cms

  if(iDistance<40){

    // draws the object according to the angle and the distance

  line(pixsDistance*cos(radians(iAngle)),-pixsDistance*sin(radians(iAngle)),(width-width*0.505)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(width-width*0.505)*sin(radians(iAngle)));

  }

  popMatrix();

}

void drawLine() {

  pushMatrix();

  strokeWeight(9);

  stroke(30,250,60);

  translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location

  line(0,0,(height-height*0.12)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(height-height*0.12)*sin(radians(iAngle))); // draws the line according to the angle

  popMatrix();

}

void drawText() { // draws the texts on the screen

  

  pushMatrix();

  if(iDistance>40) {

  noObject = "Out of Range";

  }

  else {

  noObject = "In Range";

  }

  fill(0,0,0);

  noStroke();

  rect(0, height-height*0.0648, width, height);

  fill(98,245,31);

  textSize(25);

  

  text("10cm",width-width*0.3854,height-height*0.0833);

  text("20cm",width-width*0.281,height-height*0.0833);

  text("30cm",width-width*0.177,height-height*0.0833);

  text("40cm",width-width*0.0729,height-height*0.0833);

  textSize(40);

  text("Ditecno Digital", width-width*0.875, height-height*0.0277);

  text("Angulo: " + iAngle +" �", width-width*0.48, height-height*0.0277);

  text("Dist:", width-width*0.26, height-height*0.0277);

  if(iDistance<40) {

  text("        " + iDistance +" cm", width-width*0.225, height-height*0.0277);

  }

  textSize(25);

  fill(98,245,60);

  translate((width-width*0.4994)+width/2*cos(radians(30)),(height-height*0.0907)-width/2*sin(radians(30)));

  rotate(-radians(-60));

  text("30�",0,0);

  resetMatrix();

  translate((width-width*0.503)+width/2*cos(radians(60)),(height-height*0.0888)-width/2*sin(radians(60)));

  rotate(-radians(-30));

  text("60�",0,0);

  resetMatrix();

  translate((width-width*0.507)+width/2*cos(radians(90)),(height-height*0.0833)-width/2*sin(radians(90)));

  rotate(radians(0));

  text("90�",0,0);

  resetMatrix();

  translate(width-width*0.513+width/2*cos(radians(120)),(height-height*0.07129)-width/2*sin(radians(120)));

  rotate(radians(-30));

  text("120�",0,0);

  resetMatrix();

  translate((width-width*0.5104)+width/2*cos(radians(150)),(height-height*0.0574)-width/2*sin(radians(150)));

  rotate(radians(-60));

  text("150�",0,0);

  popMatrix(); 

}

Para ver explicación paso a paso ver siguiente video:

Bueno espero que les guste. Nos vemos   Ditecno Digital

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